Italy 37 Germany 38

Now comes the difficult part. We Have Italy (37 on the map) and Germany (38 on the map). These two countries are strewn with crowns exhibited in almost as many places as there are crowns and there are many. The Pope is the only head of state who is first an ecclesiastical head before he is a governmental head. Therefore we will list those crowns, called tiaras, here. Other Ecclesiastical Crowns will follow once we have completed our first round trip of the planet.  Let's begin now with Italy and the Papal Tiaras. 

Italy/Rome/Vatican (Permanent Display 17 tiaras)(Photo List incomplete) 

Tiara of Benedict XVI 2011

Tiara of John Paul II 1981

The Tiara of Pope Paul VI 1963 is not in the Vatican and will be discussed in the World Tour of Ecclesiastical Crowns and Miters.

Tiara of John XXIII 1959

Tiara of Pius XI 1922

(No Photo)

Tiara of Pius X 1908

(No Photo)

The "Golden Tiara" of Leo XIII 1903

(No Photo)

The "Austrian Tiara" of Leo XIII  1894

The "Paris Tiara" of Leo XIII 1888

The "German Tiara" of Leo XIII 1887

The "Palatine Tiara" of Pius IX 1887

This tiara although manufactured in 1887 for  Pius IX, is the most well known and most publicized tiara in history as two consecutive Popes chose to be crowned with it and to use it between 1939 and 1963. This being the time of modern news media led to this tiara being more photographed than any other, giving it an almost iconically recognizable status. It also happens to be the second last tiara ever to be used. 

The "Belgian Tiara" of Pius IX 1871 

The "Spanish Tiara " of Pius IX 1854

The "Notre Dame Tiara" of Pius IX 1850's is not in the Vatican and will be discussed in the World Tour of Ecclesiastical Crowns and Miters.

The Tiara of Pius IX 1846

The Tiara of Gregory XVI 1845

The Tiara of Gregory XVI 1834

The Tiara of Pius VII 1820

This tiara is unique in the fact that it is made of embroidered cloth and only the cross on the top is from metal.  It was ironically the first tiara made after Napoleon destroyed the existing collection.

The "Napoleon Tiara" of Pope Pius VII  1804

After Napoleon invaded Rome he ordered all the Papal tiaras destroyed. He then later gave this tiara to Pope Pius VII to show his power over the Vatican. It was made too heavy and too small in circumference in order to humiliate the Pope who couldn't wear it in practicality. It is probably the most intrinsically valuable tiara in the Vatican Collection.

The Tiara of Gregory XIII 1572 is the only tiara to have survived the Napoleonic destruction and is not currently exhibited in the Vatican. It will be discussed in the World Tour of Ecclesiastical Crowns and Miters.

http://www.aloha.net/~mikesch/claims.htm

Now we move on to other historic displays in Italy.

Italy/Monza/Monza Catherdral (Permanent Display 2 crowns/circlets)

The Iron Crown of Lombardy

This crown made of gold enamel and precious stones is strengthened by an iron band said to be hammered from one of the crucifixion nails. As a holy relic it was used for the coronation of Italian kings and Napoleon demanded to be crowned with it as Emperor over Italy

The Crown of Monza

Italy/Milan/ Risorgimento (Permanent Display 1crown)

Emperor Napoleon's Crown of Italy

This “excuse” for a crown, was made for Napoleon’s coronation, as King of Italy. It was thankfully never used  except in paintings and instead, the traditional Iron Crown was used for the coronation. 

Sicily/Palermo/Palermo Cathedral (Permanent Display 1crown)

Crown of Queen Constanza of Aragon 13th Century

Sicily/Enna/Alessi Museum

Early Renaissance Crown

Now for Germany. Once a conglomeration of small Kingdoms that eventually amalgamated into an Empire, Germany is the home of fairy tales and  many a crown display. 

Germany/Berlin/Charlottenburg Palace (Permanent Display of 2crowns)

Crown of King Frederick I (empty frame)1701

Crown of Queen Sophie Charlotte

(empty frame) 1701

Germany/Stutgard/Burg Hohenzollern (Permanent Display 1crown)

Crown of Wilhelm II of Prussia 1889

Germany/Stutgard/ Württembergisches Landesmuseum (Permanent Display 1crown)

The Crown of Wurttemberg

http://www.landesmuseum-stuttgart.de/sammlungen/kunst-und-kulturgeschichte/

Gemany/Dresden/Rustkammer Museum (Permanent Display 1crown)

Crown of Augustus II of Saxony

Germany/ Munich/Rezidenz Palace Museum (Permanent Display 8crowns)

The Royal Crown of Bavaria 1807

The Crown of the Queen Consort of Bavaria 1807

The Crown of St. Hendrik 

Crown of Empress Kunigunde

Crown of Princess Blanche 1370

Medieval Crown of a Royal Lady

Imperial House Crown of Karel VII

Imperial House Crown of Karel VII

http://www.residenz-muenchen.de/deutsch/skammer/index.htm

Germany/Aachen/Aachen Cathedral Domschatzkammer (Permanent Display 2crowns)

Crown of Richard I of England displayed on the Charlemagne Reliquary Bust

Crown of Margaret of York

Germany/Essen/Cathedral Treasury (Permanent Display 1crown)

Crown of Otto III

Germany/Karlruhe/ Badisches Landesmuseum (Permanent Display 1crown)

The Royal Crown of Baden

 This crown is not made of gold but rather gold brocade sown over a stiffened velvet interior. The gemstones however are real and set in gold but then sown to the fabric base. 

http://www.landesmuseum.de/website/Deutsch/Sammlungsausstellungen/Schloss/Schloss_und_Hof.htm

Germany/Hanover/Schloss Marienburg (Permanent Display 3crowns)

The King's Crown of Hanover

The Queen's Crown of Hanover

The Nuptial crown of Hanoveria

http://www.royal-magazin.de/german/hannover/hannover-brautkrone.htm

http://www.schloss-marienburg.com/sise-exhibition-castle-weddings.htm

(All images on this blog are considered defaulted to the public domain due to age and ready sourcing from the internet. If an image on this blog is disputed it will be altered or removed following written protest from an authentic source. please contact me at danielgswan@hotmail.com)