Now comes the difficult part. We Have Italy (37 on the map) and Germany (38 on the map). These two countries are strewn with crowns exhibited in almost as many places as there are crowns and there are many. The Pope is the only head of state who is first an ecclesiastical head before he is a governmental head. Therefore we will list those crowns, called tiaras, here. Other Ecclesiastical Crowns will follow once we have completed our first round trip of the planet. Let's begin now with Italy and the Papal Tiaras.
Italy/Rome/Vatican (Permanent Display 17 tiaras)(Photo List incomplete)
Tiara of Benedict XVI 2011
Tiara of John Paul II 1981
The Tiara of Pope Paul VI 1963 is not in the Vatican and will be discussed in the World Tour of Ecclesiastical Crowns and Miters.
Tiara of John XXIII 1959
Tiara of Pius XI 1922
(No Photo)
Tiara of Pius X 1908
(No Photo)
The "Golden Tiara" of Leo XIII 1903
(No Photo)
The "Austrian Tiara" of Leo XIII 1894
The "Paris Tiara" of Leo XIII 1888
The "German Tiara" of Leo XIII 1887
The "Palatine Tiara" of Pius IX 1887
This tiara although manufactured in 1887 for Pius IX, is the most well known and most publicized tiara in history as two consecutive Popes chose to be crowned with it and to use it between 1939 and 1963. This being the time of modern news media led to this tiara being more photographed than any other, giving it an almost iconically recognizable status. It also happens to be the second last tiara ever to be used.
The "Belgian Tiara" of Pius IX 1871
The "Spanish Tiara " of Pius IX 1854
The "Notre Dame Tiara" of Pius IX 1850's is not in the Vatican and will be discussed in the World Tour of Ecclesiastical Crowns and Miters.
The Tiara of Pius IX 1846
The Tiara of Gregory XVI 1845
The Tiara of Gregory XVI 1834
The Tiara of Pius VII 1820
This tiara is unique in the fact that it is made of embroidered cloth and only the cross on the top is from metal. It was ironically the first tiara made after Napoleon destroyed the existing collection.
The "Napoleon Tiara" of Pope Pius VII 1804
After Napoleon invaded Rome he ordered all the Papal tiaras destroyed. He then later gave this tiara to Pope Pius VII to show his power over the Vatican. It was made too heavy and too small in circumference in order to humiliate the Pope who couldn't wear it in practicality. It is probably the most intrinsically valuable tiara in the Vatican Collection.
The Tiara of Gregory XIII 1572 is the only tiara to have survived the Napoleonic destruction and is not currently exhibited in the Vatican. It will be discussed in the World Tour of Ecclesiastical Crowns and Miters.
Now we move on to other historic displays in Italy.
Italy/Monza/Monza Catherdral (Permanent Display 2 crowns/circlets)
The Iron Crown of Lombardy
This crown made of gold enamel and precious
stones is strengthened by an iron band said to be hammered from one of the crucifixion
nails. As a holy relic it was used for the coronation of Italian kings and
Napoleon demanded to be crowned with it as Emperor over Italy
Italy/Milan/ Risorgimento (Permanent Display 1crown)
Emperor Napoleon's Crown of Italy
This “excuse” for a crown, was made for
Napoleon’s coronation, as King of Italy. It was thankfully never used except in paintings and
instead, the traditional Iron Crown was used for the coronation.
Sicily/Palermo/Palermo Cathedral (Permanent Display 1crown)
Crown of Queen Constanza of Aragon 13th Century
Sicily/Enna/Alessi Museum
Now for Germany. Once a conglomeration of small Kingdoms that eventually amalgamated into an Empire, Germany is the home of fairy tales and many a crown display.
Germany/Berlin/Charlottenburg Palace (Permanent Display of
2crowns)
Crown of King
Frederick I (empty frame)1701
Crown of Queen Sophie
Charlotte
(empty frame) 1701
Germany/Stutgard/Burg Hohenzollern (Permanent Display 1crown)
Crown of Wilhelm II of Prussia 1889
Germany/Stutgard/ Württembergisches Landesmuseum
(Permanent Display 1crown)
The Crown of Wurttemberg
Gemany/Dresden/Rustkammer Museum (Permanent Display 1crown)
Crown of Augustus II of Saxony
Germany/ Munich/Rezidenz Palace Museum (Permanent Display 8crowns)
The Royal Crown of Bavaria 1807
The Crown of the Queen Consort of Bavaria 1807
The Crown of St. Hendrik
Crown of Empress Kunigunde
Crown of Princess Blanche 1370
Medieval Crown of a Royal Lady
Imperial House Crown of Karel VII
Imperial House Crown of Karel VII
Germany/Aachen/Aachen Cathedral Domschatzkammer (Permanent
Display 2crowns)
Crown of Richard I of
England displayed on the Charlemagne Reliquary Bust
Crown of Margaret of York
Germany/Essen/Cathedral Treasury (Permanent Display 1crown)
Crown of Otto III
Germany/Karlruhe/ Badisches Landesmuseum
(Permanent Display 1crown)
The Royal Crown of Baden
This crown is not made of gold but rather gold brocade sown over a stiffened velvet interior. The gemstones however are real and set in gold but then sown to the fabric base.
Germany/Hanover/Schloss Marienburg (Permanent Display 3crowns)
The King's Crown of Hanover
The Queen's Crown of Hanover
The Nuptial crown of Hanoveria
(All images on this blog are considered defaulted to the public domain due to age and ready sourcing from the internet. If an image on this blog is disputed it will be altered or removed following written protest from an authentic source. please contact me at danielgswan@hotmail.com)
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